Abstract：Proof-of-stake has become one of the most promising consensus mechanisms replacingproof-of-work due to its low energy consumption.However，it still has many problems in security and is vulnerable toattacks likethe long-range attack and the nothing-at-stake attack.In recent years，more and more systems have begun to adopt the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism，or modify the original proof-of-workbased mechanism system to be proof-of-stake based.In order to better study the security issues of proof-of-stake based blockchain network，this paperfirst introduces the basic conceptsand the development of proof-of-stake.Second，it studies 16 types of attacks against proof-of-stake by dividing them into four categories according to their attacking method，and then analyzes the procedure and principle of each attack in detail.Finally，it introduces the existing defense mechanisms.This research is meant for the application of the blockchain network.
刘亚,沈致远,赵逢禹. 针对权益证明共识机制的攻击以及应对措施综述[J]. 小型微型计算机系统, 2021, 42(8): 1758-1768.
LIU Ya,SHEN Zhi-yuan,ZHAO Feng-yu. Survey of Attacks on Proof-of-stake Consensus Mechanism and Countermeasures. Journal of Chinese Computer Systems, 2021, 42(8): 1758-1768.
2021, Vol. 42 
